Summary

In “Characters and Viewpoint,” Orson Scott Card presents a comprehensive guide to mastering character development and narrative perspective, essential tools for any fiction writer. Card emphasizes that effective characterization involves careful attention at every stage of the writing process—from initial invention to story construction and performance. He divides the book into three key parts: Invention, Construction, and Performance, providing a structured approach to creating believable and engaging characters.

The first section, Invention, explores where characters come from, stressing the importance of observing real life and drawing from personal experiences. Card advises writers to ask causal questions to develop their characters fully, considering their motives and pasts to craft compelling figures. He also discusses the role of stereotypes and how they can be both useful and limiting in character creation.

The second section, Construction, focuses on the practical aspects of building characters within the framework of a story. Card introduces the “MICE quotient” (Milieu, Idea, Character, Event) to help writers understand what kind of story they are telling and how that influences character development. He also discusses the hierarchy of characters, from walk-ons to major players, and how to raise emotional stakes through suffering, sacrifice, and sexual tension.

The final section, Performance, delves into the techniques of presenting characters through voice, dramatic versus narrative methods, and point of view. Card examines the strengths and limitations of first-person and third-person narration, offering insights into creating believable and compelling narratives. He stresses the importance of making characters interesting and understandable to readers, emphasizing the balance between believability and engagement to transform them.