Summary

"Cod: A Biography of the Fish That Changed the World" by Mark Kurlansky is a sweeping exploration of the Atlantic cod and its profound influence on human history, culture, and cuisine. The book traces the cod's journey from a plentiful food source to a symbol of religious observance, a driver of global trade, and ultimately, a cautionary tale of resource depletion.

Kurlansky begins by delving into the early history of cod fishing, highlighting the Basque people's crucial role in developing salting techniques that allowed for long-distance preservation and trade. He connects the rise of the cod trade with the spread of Catholicism, where the fish became a staple during meatless fast days. The narrative further explores the voyages of exploration, with figures like Cabot and Cartier recognizing the cod's abundance off the shores of North America, leading to intense competition among European powers.

The book vividly portrays the lives of fishermen and their communities, from the rugged Vikings and Bretons to the Puritans of New England, who transformed their society through the cod trade. Kurlansky delves into the cultural and culinary traditions that evolved around cod, offering a treasure trove of recipes from around the world, showcasing the fish's versatility and adaptability in various cuisines. The author examines how this humble fish fueled the slave trade, connecting New England merchants with Caribbean plantations and West African slave markets.

As the narrative progresses, "Cod" becomes a sobering account of overfishing and environmental degradation. Kurlansky meticulously documents the technological advancements that led to increasingly efficient and destructive fishing practices, from steam-powered trawlers to factory ships. The story culminates in the collapse of the Grand Banks cod fishery in the 1990s, a tragic event that devastated Newfoundland communities and serves as a warning about the consequences of unchecked exploitation of natural resources. The book ends with a reflection on the need for sustainable practices and a deeper understanding of the delicate balance between human needs and the health of the ocean ecosystem.