Summary

"Who Wrote the Bible?" by Richard Elliott Friedman embarks on a compelling journey through centuries of biblical scholarship, meticulously dissecting the origins of the Five Books of Moses and beyond. Friedman champions the documentary hypothesis, proposing that the Pentateuch is not the work of a single author, Moses, but a synthesis of four distinct source documents: J, E, D, and P. He argues that each source reflects the unique historical, political, and religious contexts of its respective author, offering a nuanced understanding of the Bible's formation.

The book delves into the characteristics of each source, exploring their distinct writing styles, theological perspectives, and political agendas. Friedman highlights the doublets, contradictions, and linguistic variations within the text, revealing how these clues led scholars to unravel the Bible's complex origins. He identifies J as a Judean source, E as an Israelite source, D as emerging from the time of King Josiah, and P as stemming from the Aaronid priesthood.

Friedman challenges traditional beliefs about Mosaic authorship and invites readers to consider the implications of multiple authors and editors shaping the biblical narrative. He sheds light on the interplay between historical events and the biblical text, demonstrating how political upheavals, religious reforms, and social tensions influenced the composition and transmission of the Bible. Through careful analysis and accessible language, Friedman unveils the layers of authorship and editing that have shaped the Bible as we know it.

Moreover, the book examines the personalities and motivations of the biblical authors, exploring their social backgrounds, political affiliations, and religious purposes. Friedman speculates on the identities of the authors, suggesting that J may have been a woman and linking D to the prophet Jeremiah. He proposes that Ezra, the priest and scribe, played a pivotal role in assembling and canonizing the Torah, solidifying its authority and influence for millennia.

"Who Wrote the Bible?" ultimately enhances appreciation of the Bible by illuminating its intricate composition and historical context. By understanding the world in which it was born, readers can gain a deeper understanding of its messages and its enduring power. Friedman encourages a synthesis of literary and historical approaches, inviting both religious and non-religious readers to engage with the Bible in a new and enriching way, standing in awe of its greatness.